These are the children who decode accurately and yet something is missing. They are often working far harder than anyone realises, holding themselves together to get to the bottom of the page. The good news: You can learn to notice them without labels, just a few insights.
Weak phonemic awareness — similar sounds blur together; the smallest units of language stay 'fuzzy'.
Stuck at the word level — each word is read accurately but stands alone, monolithic, disconnected from the next.
Fluency without flow — even reading with no rise or fall, punctuation is glossed over, racing through the words.
Accuracy without meaning — every word correct, yet there's no engagement with the content of the passage.
Weak attention in the classroom — watchful, drifting, or restless; working from a braced, unsettled state.